Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate

Best

Antioxidant

Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate at a glance

  • Stable, water-soluble derivative of ascorbic acid (vitamin C)
  • Helps reduce signs of ageing and hyperpigmentation
  • Enzymes in skin convert this ingredient to pure vitamin C
  • Doesn’t require a low pH range to be effective
  • Works well with other forms of vitamin C and vitamin E

Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate description

Sodium ascorbyl phosphate (SAP, for short) is a stable, water-soluble form of vitamin C made from combining ascorbic acid with a phosphate and a salt, compounds which work with enzymes in skin to cleave (split) the ingredient and release pure ascorbic acid, which is the most researched form of vitamin C. Just like pure vitamin C, sodium ascorbyl phosphate functions as an antioxidant on and within skin. When used in higher amounts, it can be effective for brightening a dull skin tone, smoothing wrinkles, visibly firming skin, and reducing discolourations. The usual concentration of sodium ascorbyl phosphate in skin care ranges from 0.2-3%, an effective range to help improve skin’s environmental defenses and target lines and wrinkles, especially when paired with oil-soluble vitamin E for antioxidant synergy that improves the stability of both ingredients. A 5% concentration of sodium ascorbyl phosphate was shown in a comparative study with the same amount of ascorbic acid to have equivalent wrinkle-smoothing and elasticity-increasing benefit to skin around the eyes. Amounts above 3% are considered necessary to target discolourations, similar to the range research has shown ascorbic acid works within to target this concern. There is also research showing amounts of 1% and 5% concentrations of sodium ascorbyl phosphate can influence factors linked to breakouts, likely due to its skin soothing effect. Thus, this form of vitamin C may be an effective adjunct to anti-blemish products that contain benzoyl peroxide and salicylic acid. Along with other forms of vitamin C, it is considered safe as used in skin care products. This versatile form of vitamin C works in both water- and oil-based formulas without breaking down, but despite this impressive stability, packaging is still important. This is because such stability isn’t impenetrable, meaning ongoing exposure to light and air can still weaken its efficacy, although certainly not as quickly as occurs with pure vitamin C (ascorbic acid).

Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate references

  • Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, January 2021, pages 174-180
  • Pharmaceutics, December 2018, ePublication
  • Annals of Dermatology, August 2015, pages 376-382
  • Chemical Society of Pakistan, March 2013, pages 1,096-1,102
  • International Journal of Cosmetic Science, June 2005, pages 171-176
  • International Journal of Toxicology, Supplement 2, March 2005, pages 51-111
  • International Journal of Pharmaceutics, April 2003, pages 65-73

Peer-reviewed, substantiated scientific research is used to assess ingredients in this dictionary. Regulations regarding constraints, permitted concentration levels and availability vary by country and region.

Ingredient ratings

Best

Proven and supported by independent studies. Outstanding active ingredient for most skin types or concerns.

Good

Necessary to improve a formula's texture, stability, or penetration.

Average

Generally non-irritating but may have aesthetic, stability, or other issues that limit its usefulness.

Bad

There is a likelihood of irritation. Risk increases when combined with other problematic ingredients.

Worst

May cause irritation, inflammation, dryness, etc. May offer benefit in some capability but overall, proven to do more harm than good.

unknown

We couldn't find this in our ingredient dictionary. We log all missing ingredients and make continuous updates.

Not rated

We have not yet rated this ingredient because we have not had a chance to review the research on it.