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Phloretin

Best

Antioxidant

Phloretin description

A flavonoid substance derived from apples and the bark of apple trees. As for topical application to skin, research has shown that it has antioxidant ability, can improve the look of an uneven skin tone, and also serves as a penetration enhancer, which means it can, when properly formulated, help other beneficial ingredients go beyond the superficial layers of skin.

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Phloretin references

  • The FEBS Journal, August 2008, pages 3804-3814
  • Phytochemistry, April 2007, pages 1189-1199
  • Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, April 2006, pages 740-745
  • European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, issue 2, March 2004, pages 307-312
  • International Journal of Pharmaceutics, April 2003, issues 1-2, pages 109-116

Peer-reviewed, substantiated scientific research is used to assess ingredients in this dictionary. Regulations regarding constraints, permitted concentration levels and availability vary by country and region.

Ingredient ratings

Best

Proven and supported by independent studies. Outstanding active ingredient for most skin types or concerns.

Good

Necessary to improve a formula's texture, stability, or penetration.

Average

Generally non-irritating but may have aesthetic, stability, or other issues that limit its usefulness.

Bad

There is a likelihood of irritation. Risk increases when combined with other problematic ingredients.

Worst

May cause irritation, inflammation, dryness, etc. May offer benefit in some capability but overall, proven to do more harm than good.

unknown

We couldn't find this in our ingredient dictionary. We log all missing ingredients and make continuous updates.

Not rated

We have not yet rated this ingredient because we have not had a chance to review the research on it.